Australian Journal of Business and Management Research (AJBMR) is a double blind peer reviewed online research journal.
Social Media and The COVID-19 Response: A Case Study of Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) in New Zealand
►Zarqa Shaheen Ali
zsha016@aucklanduni.ac.nz
►Wen Jiao Liu
100941@icl.school.nz
Received: 25 January 2021
Final Revision: 24 April 2021
Accepted: 02 May 2021
e Published: 04 May 2021
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20210601A06
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic is spreading across the globe, causing huge losses to humans and changing people’s lifestyles. New Zealand has also suffered from this fatal virus outbreak. Social media has been used by governments from many countries for communication about COVID-19, but the research on social media used in COVID-19 remains limited. This research aims to study how the leading New Zealand business agency, the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE), used Facebook to disseminate COVID-19, and how businesses and the public benefitted from it. Facebook posts from MBIE published over two months from March 18, 2020, to May 12, 2020, as well as user reviews were collected and thematically analysed. Before the research was conducted, an Official Information Act request was submitted to MBIE and an approval confirmation was received for using any publicly available information released by MBIE. The findings indicate Facebook was used by MBIE as a comprehensive channel to address COVID-19, as well as being an avenue to interact with businesses and people, and businesses and people benefitted from it in multiple aspects.
Keywords: COVID-19; Facebook; MBIE; social media; business, New Zealand
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Performance Appraisal – A Source of Employee’s Motivation: A Case Study of Educational Institute of Karachi
►Bushra Jauhar
bushrajauhar@gmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0756-2220
►Masood Hassan
masoodhassan1@hotmail.com; std_21855@iobm.edu.pk (Corresponding Author)
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6602-9672
►Muhammad Asad Ullah
m.asadullah@iobm.edu.pk
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6690-5457
►Imam Uddin
imamuddin@iobm.edu.pk
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2374-7003
►Shouvik Sanyal
shouvik@du.edu.om
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6855-227X
Received: 29 January 2021
Final Revision: 25 March 2021
Accepted: 29 April 2021
e Published: 04 May 2021
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20210601A05
Abstract
The organizational success is largely depending on its employees; they are considered as vital assets for any organization. Therefore, the management should know how to appraise them so that they can get the desired results. The current study aims to investigate the impact of performance appraisal on employee’s motivation in an educational institute of Karachi. The population of interest was permanent faculty, visiting faculty and non-teaching staff of the ABC institute which was selected through convenience sampling technique. A survey of 56 employees was conducted with the help of a questionnaire based on close ended items on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly agrees to strongly disagree. For data analysis, SPSS was used to check the reliability test, descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The research findings provided the insights regarding the impact of performance appraisal on employees’ motivation and showed a positive significant impact. The more satisfied employees are by their appraisals, the more motivated and committed they would be. Moreover, the study also shed light for future direction by keeping in view the respondents concern regarding biasness free rating, feedback and appeal process. The educational institutes should come up with better strategies in order to build trust among employees by providing fair appraisal solely based on their performance.
Keywords: Performance appraisal, Employee’s motivation, Work performance, Educational sector.
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Received: 22 January 2021
Final Revision: 09 March 2021
Accepted: 15 April 2021
e Published: 03 May 2021
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20210601A04
Abstract
In this study, the relationship between income and environmental degradation is discussed. In this study, the Kyoto Protocol is investigated by using Pooled Mean Group Estimator based on Error Correction Model by Pesaran, Shin and Smith, Cross-Sectional Augmented Distributed Lag estimator by Chudik et al. (2016), Cross-Sectional ARDL estimator based on ARDL model by Chudik et al. (2016) and Dynamic Common Correlated Effects Estimator model by Chudik and Pesaran (2015) to cover the gaps in the Environmental Kuznets Curve literature. Kyoto Protocol’s effects for developing countries and developed countries are analyzed for the period between 1980 and 2014, and 1971 and 2014, respectively. Since no significant relationship between GDP and CO2 is found for developed and developing countries in the analysis, it is concluded that Kyoto Protocol did not have a significant effect on CO2 emissions for the relevant countries in the study. This study contributes to the current literature by verifying no significant effect of Kyoto Protocol on CO2 emissions as compatible with most up-to-date studies. The limitations of this study are the studied countries and the period studied for these studied countries.
Keywords: Kyoto Protocol; Environmental Kuznets Curve; Developing Countries; Developed Countries; Economic Growth
JEL Classifications: Q4, Q5, O5
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Mediation of Employ Satisfaction in The Influence of Employee Motivation on Organizational Excellence
►Sony Kumari
►Raghavendra Suresh Bendigeri
raghavendra.bendigeri@gmail.com (Corresponding Author)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1712-8604
►Mukund Chandra Mehta
►Lakshmi Narayan Bhagat
Received: 22 December 2020
Final Revision: 05 March 2021
Accepted: 06 April 2021
e Published: 03 May 2021
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20210601A03
Abstract
The aim of this study is to introduce the concept of organizational excellence, conceptualised only is 21
st Century, in organizational studies and it’s relationship with employee motivation and employee satisfaction in the case of an Indian public sector organization in coal sector. The study is based on primary data collected from 50 sample respondents (i.e. executives) using well-structured questionnaire of Likert type. The cross – sectional Likert scale prepared for each of 50 respondents, as per the respondent’s perceptions revealed towards employee motivation, employee satisfaction and organizational excellence, and used for further statistical analysis. The standard statistical methods like regression, t-test, F-test and Sobal test used for testing the inter – relationships between the variables and testing the presence & significance of mediation effect. Empirical findings confirming significantly positive association between employee motivation, employee satisfaction and organizational excellence and mediation effect of employee satisfaction in explaining the relationship between employee motivation and organizational excellence provides extension in the existing knowledge in the field of organizational studies and fulfils the research gape that existed in the coal sector. The validation of organizational excellence scale in the Indian context may also be considered as a noble attempt in this field. Limitations and suggestions for further researches also indicated.
Keywords: Employee Motivation, Employee Satisfaction, India, Mediation, Organizational Excellence, Validation.
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Factors Affecting Organizational Commitment of Employees: Evidence from Pakistan
►Bilal Nawaz Kayani
Received:08 December 2020
Final Revision: 02 March 2021
Accepted: 09 March 2021
e Published: 03 May 2021
http://doi.org/10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20210601A02
Abstract
Organizational commitment is important for overall performance of an organization and wellbeing of its employees. Organisational commitment has gained much importance and it can lead to the positive and favourable outcomes for an organisation like improved employees’ performance, increased organisational effectiveness, decreased employee turnover ratio, increased organisational financial revenues and decreased absenteeism among employees. This study identifies the important organisational factors from prior literature and using a questionnaire survey examines the influence of these factors on the organisational commitment among employees of software industry of Pakistan. Results revealed that all the identified factors except gender affects organisational commitment among the employees of software industry of Pakistan. Recommendations were also made for making the organizational commitment practices and their implementation more vibrant and stronger within an organization based on research results and in relation with prior research studies. A summary table with all the identified factors is presented in this paper for helping other researchers doing research for knowing about different factors that can affect organizational commitment.
Keywords: Organizational commitment; software industry; performance; wellbeing; employees
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Service Design of a Pregancy Simulation Dress Experience - From the Perspective of Social Design
►Chi-Ying Hung and Rung Tai Lin
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20180509A02
ABSTRACT
This study has two subjects, one is the design of a pregnancy simulation dress, and the other is the service design for visitors to wear the pregnancy simulation dress in a tourism factory. The core issues of this study are people-oriented social design and experiential value. The case study approach is adopted and an experiential product simulating pregnancy is provided in the setting of a tourism factory. The setting, products and experience are observed as a whole, and the research perspective is based on the transformation process of emotional design and cultural design, which is the basis for deconstructing the design of the pregnancy simulation dress. A service blueprint is used to examine the case’s experiential service design, which is used as an example of experience planning that applies social design to commercial services. Research conclusions summarize and analyze design, marketing, service, and management aspects, hoping to further extend the social value of enterprises and social education work.
Keywords - Experience Economy, Social Design, Emotional Design, Service Design, Tourism Factory
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APPLING GREY FORECASTING METHOD TO FORECAST THE PORTFOLIO’S RATE OF RETURN IN STOCK MARKET OF IRAN
►Ali Mohammadi and Sara Zeinodin Zade
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110107A01
ABSTRACT
Stock market is one of the most important investment market, which influenced by many factors, therefore it needs a robust and accurate forecasting. In this study ,grey model used as a forecasting method and examined if it is the most reliable forecasting method in comparison of time series method. The information of portfolio’s rate of return is gathered from 50 accepted companies in Tehran stock market, which were announced as the best companies last year. Mean Square of the errors (MSE) is computed by different value of α in grey model which could be varied between .1 to .9 ,to examined if α=.5 is the best value that our model could take .Then the predictive ability of the model is compared with different type of time series based forecasting methods Experimental results confirm forecasting accuracy of grey model. Tracking signal is computed for grey model to see whether grey model forecasting is in control or not. At the last portfolio’s rate of return is forecasted for next periods.
Keywords:
Grey model, Stock market, Forecasting, time series
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IMPACT OF CASE STUDY METHOD OF TEACHING ON THE JOB PERFORMANCE OF BUSINESS GRADUATES, IN THE CASE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT IBA-UNIVERSITY OF SINDH-JAMSHORO,
►Anwar Ali Shah G.Syed, Khalid Hussain Shaikh, Syed Abir Hassan Naqvi and Faiz M.Shaikh
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110106A11
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted on business graduates of IBA-University of Sindh-Jamshoro. A complementary survey was conducted from 50 organizations in Sindh province by using simple random technique, and 200 sample size were selected from student data set. The results showed that case analysis method increasing the vision and understanding the subject as well as practical exposure of the different organizations and it also impact on the personal development of the student when they are solving they different cases in different situations for firm or organization. From last couple of years this method is pretty popular among the students, and they applied all the case studies in local environment and teachers are importing the quality of the education by employing different case studies and their practical touches of different cases. It also helps the graduates when they are going for the jobs, and it has the positive relationship with the job performance. Case studies improving the vision of the business students.
Keywords: Case study, Method, Job Performance, Business education
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THE SURVEY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CREATIVITY OF STAFFS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
(Case study of: The East Azarbaijan province and Ardebil Province Education)
Afshin Rahnama, Seyed Javad Mousavian,
Abbas Alaei and
Tavakkol Salimi Maghvan
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110106A10
ABSTRACT
The main objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between employee creativity and organizational effectiveness in educational organizations of East Azerbaijan and Ardabil provinces. This investigation was an applied research using a descriptive methodology with correlation tests. The statistical population for this research included all employees of East Azerbaijan and Ardabil provinces in 2010, comprising 45 and 19 departments, respectively, or a total of 64 departments. Using Morgan table for estimation of sample size, and according to random sampling method, 56 departments (29 and 17 departments, respectively) with 297 employees (179 and 118 employees, respectively) were selected, and were tested using simple random technique. Data collection was performed using two questionnaires, for which validity and reliability testing had been performed previously. The creativity questionnaire was filled by organizational employees, while the organizational effectiveness questionnaire was filled by executives of educational departments. In this research, according to the objectives of the research, descriptive statistics was used for creation of frequency tables and charts and computation of suitable central indices, while the study hypothesis was tested using Pearson’s correlation test. The results of this investigation showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between employee creativity and organizational effectiveness in educational departments of East Azerbaijan and Ardabil provinces (p < 0.05).
Keywords: creativity, organizational effectiveness, Department of Education, employees
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THE EFFECT OF WEB VENDOR TRUST ON TURKISH ONLINE SHOPPERS BUYING BEHAVIOR
►Tolon Metehan and Zengin Asude Yasemin
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110106A09
ABSTRACT
Firms’ primary objectives are gaining profit and providing continuity. During the recent years virtual platforms are the most popular and strategic way to achieve these objectives. According to this, firms try find different markets to improve their market share as well as their profits. From this point of view increase in sales at virtual platform depends on customers’ trust upon total online system in the related market. In order to create customer loyalty at virtual platform, firms must build trust between firm and customer. For this purpose, it is of strategic importance for e-commerce to create trust among their customers. At this point, firms have to determine trust and perceived risk related to online shopping. Especially firms which want to operate in internet have to analyze trust dimensions and risk perceptions of customers in related online shopping. In this study, the effect of the trust and perceived risk of Turkish customers over online purchase behavior/online shopping has been presented empirically.
Keywords: Online Shopping, Trust, Perceived Risk
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CRISIS LEADERSHIP - AN ORGANIZATIONAL OPPORTUNITY
►James E. Prewitt, Richard Weil and Anthony Q. McClure, MS
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110106A07
ABSTRACT
Reactive leadership and crisis management have been synonymous for years. This flows from the belief that crisis is unpredictable and unexpected, which is simply not true. Crisis has its genesis in the values, beliefs, culture, or behavior of an organization which become incongruent with the milieu in which the organization operates. A leader, who is able to read the signals of looming crisis and understands how to harness the exigency brought on by the situation, can diminish the potential dangers and take full advantage of the resulting opportunities. This paper presents a generic crisis lifecycle as a representation of overall crisis. Since a crisis can be broken down into three unique phases, crisis lifecycles can be understood and utilized for the benefit of the organization. In the first phase of the lifecycle, the organization finds itself mired in a static phase which equates to a comfort zone. In this first phase leaders struggle when they attempt to introduce change or learning due to the organizations preference to avoid conflict and maintain stasis. When a crisis engulfs an organization then the stasis that envelops the organization evaporates and gives rise to the second phase or the disaster phase. The disaster phase often threatens the very existence of the organization. When the organization successfully eliminates the immediate organizational threat, the organization is able to enter the adjustive phase of the crisis lifecycle. In this third phase, the leader has the undivided attention of the organization and the underlying urgency to solve the issues that led to the crisis in the first place. Regrettably, many leaders don’t take advantage of this golden opportunity and push the organization back toward the status-quo which ensures that the crisis will return in force. The study of crisis leadership has become more important since the dawn of the new millennium because leaders in all areas face differing degrees of crisis in their daily work life. This emphasis on crisis leadership has spawned many books and academic journal articles which has resulted in a wide-ranging body of work from which we have divined the three stages of crisis and six strategies crucial for organizational success. These strategies are illustrated with examples of crisis leadership and how leaders saved their organization and tailored them for long-term significance.
Keywords: leadership, management, looming crisis, status-quo
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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CORPORATE BRANDING STRATEGY IN MULTI-BUSINESS COMPANIES
►Masume Hosseinzadeh Shahri
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110106A06
ABSTRACT
Is your corporate branding strategy effective? This paper presents a triple-dimension model for the assessment of the effectiveness of corporate branding strategy as a strategic decision in an organization: multiple stakeholders' reliance, financial value and strategic position. The elements of the model are based on information obtained from literature review and structured interview with specialists in strategic management and marketing and some multi-business companies' managers. A questionnaire and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) have been used to validate the measurement. Assessing the three dimensions (multiple stakeholders' reliance, financial value and strategic position) and integrating them into a scheme enable CEOs to understand whether their corporate branding strategy is effective.
Keywords:
Multi-business companies, Effectiveness of corporate branding strategy, Multiple stakeholders' reliance, Financial value, Strategic position.
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TRANSFER PRICING FOR COORDINATION AND PROFIT ALLOCATION
►Jan Thomas Martini
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110106A02
ABSTRACT
This paper examines coordination and profit allocation in a profit-center organization using a single transfer price. The model includes compensations, taxes, and minority interests of two divisions deciding on capacity and sales. The analysis covers arm’s length transfer prices which are either administered by central management or negotiated by the divisions. Administered transfer prices refer to past transactions and therefore maximize firm-wide profit net of divisional compensations, taxes, and minority profit shares only for given decentralized decisions. From an ex-ante perspective, it is shown that adverse effects on coordination may result in inefficient divisional profits of which all stakeholders suffer. We motivate a positive effect of advance pricing agreements, intra-firm guidelines, and restrictive treatments of changes in the firm’s accounting policy. By contrast, negotiations ignore compensations, taxes, and minority shares but yield efficient divisional profits. Negotiations seem compelling as they perfectly reflect the arm’s length principle. Moreover, common practices such as arbitration or one-step pricing schemes allow the firm to engage in manipulation at the expense of other stakeholders.
Keywords:
Transfer Pricing, Coordination, Profit Allocation, Managerial Accounting, Taxation, Financial Reporting.
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IMPACT OF FREEZING OF FCAS: THE CASE OF PAKISTAN
►Hafiz Abdur Rashid, Ali Raza, Syed Usman Izhar and Muhammad Waqas Baig
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110106A01
ABSTRACT
Foreign investment and foreign exchange reserves have ample importance for developing countries. So, there is a needed to encourage the foreign and domestic investors whose confidence was suffer by the unexpected decision of freezing of FCAs. The purpose of this study was to identify the areas that were affected after the decision of freezing of FCAs. Moreover, the impact of freezing decision on economy of Pakistan also indicated. More sophisticated impact on banking sector, balance of payment, foreign exchange reserves, foreign debt, and foreign investment. Study found the negative impact of freezing decision of FCAs on foreign banking and positive impact on domestic banking but Pakistan banking sector was disconnected from the international banking; insatiability in balance of payment was increased; the foreign investment and exports was reduced. Resultantly, foreign exchange reserves were reduced and foreign exchange rates was increased. Therefore, it is suggested to increase the confidence of foreign investors in order to increase the foreign investment and foreign exchange reserves. Discussion of conclusions and recommendations were also provided.
Keywords: FCAs, foreign exchange reserves, balance of payment, foreign investment and debt, & Pakistan
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IMPACT OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS ON POVERTY, A CASE STUDY OF SINDH
►Anwar Ali Shah G.Syed, Nanik Ram, Khalid Shaikh, Syed Abir Hussain Naqvi and Faiz.M.Shaikh
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110105A13
ABSTRACT
The main aim of this paper is examine social and economic factors that are responsible for the poverty in rural Sindh. Data were collected from 2500 households from four districts i.e. Shikarpur, Larkana, Sukkur, and Jacobabad of upper Sindh by using the simple random technique; a structural questionnaire was design as an instrument tool for measuring the poverty. It was revealed that the poverty position in Jacobabad and Shikarpur is worsening compare with Larkana and Sukkur. There are other factors like tribal disputes among various tribes and law and order situation most of the businesses people shift their business from Jacobabad and Shikarpur. Access to health and education facilities all districts have slight variation except Jacobabad where the literacy ratio is pretty low. It was further revealed that the lack of this makes this vulnerable to natural disasters and uncertainties thereby reduction the earning potential of poor families. This truly depicts the perception of the poor people they were not knowing the poverty in real sense. The vulnerability of the poor household becomes evident from a very significant percentage of households without any legal right in all surveyed districts. The main findings of this research seems to suggest that on average of the household income generated from the agriculture and most of the farmers are facing lot of problems regarding availability of water and inputs. By the criterion of derived demand the households from two districts Sukkur and Larkana engaged in productive activities to earn more compare with the Shikarpur and Jacobabad
Keywords: Social, Economic, Poverty, Sindh
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ELUSIVE FACTORS INFLUENCING SHARE VALUES: AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT
►OYEDOKUN, Akintunde, Jonathan., AWOREMI, Joshua, Remi. and ODEYEMI, Joshua, Taiwo.
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110105A12
ABSTRACT
The paper examined the elusive factors influencing share value in the Nigeria oil and gas industry with the aim of determining their effect and the extent to which they influenced share value. A simple random technique was used to select three of the six listed oil and gas companies on the Nigeria stock exchange. A stratified random technique was then used to select respondent in the functional department across the selected oil and gas industry. Both secondary and primary data were involved in the study. Stepwise regression analysis was used to capture the relative contribution and effect of the factors on share value. The results exhibit a strong relationship between the oil and gas industry market value and the elusive factors -Innovation, human capital, and supply chain management. Innovation was indentified to be the major driving force adding value to the Nigerian oil and gas industry, followed by human capital development and supply chain management.
Keywords: Innovation, Human capital development, Supply chain management, Nigeria.
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APPLYING TOPSIS AND QSPM METHODS IN FRAMEWORK SWOT MODEL: CASE STUDY OF THE IRAN’S STOCK MARKET
►Mahsa Beidokhty nejad, Nina Pouyan and Mohammad reza shojaee
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110105A11
ABSTRACT
The Stock Exchange today, is one of the pillars of the capital market financing in countries. The history of market activity in Iran dates back 43 years ago, Despite this history due to structural problems, people's ignorance and limited activities inside the country still has not got an appropriate place in the country and in economic and financial areas. In This article for the first time, the Iran’s stock market SWOT analysis has been practiced. In this regard weaknesses ,strengths, opportunities and threats points of the Iran’s stock market ,through Delphi and questionnaire were gathered and ultimately through the internal and external factor Evaluation, SWOT matrixes the data has been analyzed and with QSPM and TOPSIS models, strategy has been codified to improve the performance of this market.
Keywords: Analysis SWOT, Iran’s stock market, IFEM, EFEM, QSPM matrix
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BUYER SUCCESS AND FAILURE IN BARGAINING AND ITS CONSEQUENCES
►Chutinon Putthiwanit and Shu-Hsun Ho
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110105A10
ABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate the process of buyers’ subsequent attitudes and subsequent actions and their relationships depended on the bargaining outcomes. Depth interviews were employed in order to explore the success, the failure, and the consequent actions in dyadic bargaining under the condition of one buyer and one seller. Ten international respondents were invited to be interviewed. Approximately one hour of each interview is taken, while English is the medium of the interviews. After the interviews, respondents were given five USD as an incentive. The results show that successful bargainers tended to be younger people and easterner, compared to unsuccessful bargainers who tended to be older people and westerner. When buying product in computer and vehicle category, it might provide higher chance in getting the discount, while buying product in garment category gave the partial tendency to win the bargain. Since garment seems to have fewer profit margins when compared to the other category like computer or vehicle, it thus is obligatory for the seller to avoid discounting this kind of product. During the interviews, author found that confident interviewees shared their successful bargaining experiences; whereas, interviewees with very calm and quiet attitude seemed to express about their unsuccessful bargaining stories. This research also provides insights of buyer as bargainer profoundly. It therefore helps the seller, especially in computer, garment, and vehicle industry, knows how to balance mutual-interest and maintain the strong relationship with customer.
Keywords: Bargaining, Negotiation, Price, Buyer-seller relationship, Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction
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DETERMINANTS OF INFLATION IN PAKISTAN: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS USING JOHANSEN CO-INTEGRATION APPROACH
►Furrukh Bashir, Shahbaz Nawaz, Kalsoom Yasin, Usman Khursheed, Jahanzeb Khan and Muhammad Junaid Qureshi
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110105A09
ABSTRACT
Inflation is regarded as regressive taxation against the poor. The most visible impact of inflation in recent times is its effect on real output, relative prices, taxes and interest rates. The study focuses to examine demand side and supply side determinants of inflation in Pakistan on economic and econometric criterion and also to investigate causal relationships among some macroeconomic variables. For that purpose, study has undertaken time series data for the period from 1972 to 2010. Long run and short run estimates have been investigated using Johansen Co-integration and Vector Error Correction approached. Causal relationships have been observed using Granger causality test. Data on macroeconomic variables have been selected from Handbook on Statistics of Pakistan 2010. The findings of the study reveal that in the long run consumer price index has found to be positively influenced by money supply, gross domestic product, imports and government expenditures on the other side government revenue is reducing overall price level in Pakistan. Long run elasticities of Price level with respect to money supply, gross domestic product, government expenditures, government revenue and imports are 0.61, 0.73, 0.32, -1.37 and 0.41 respectively. In the short run, last year consumer price index and two years before government revenue are directly involved in enhancing consumer price index of current year. Improvement in gross domestic product and government expenditures is necessary but it is suggested that there should be optimal level for all of them so that price level should be stable.
Keywords: Consumer price index, Government expenditures, gross domestic product, Johansen Co-integration technique, Money supply, Long run elasticities.
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COLLECTIVE BARGAINING DYNAMICS IN THE NIGERIAN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS
►Anyim C. Francis, Elegbede Tunde and Mariam A. Gbajumo-Sheriff
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110105A08
ABSTRACT
The objective of this paper is to examine the dynamics of collective bargaining machinery in both the public and private sectors in Nigeria; with a view to bringing to the fore the peculiarities associated with both sectors with regard to the practice of bargaining. To achieve this objective, the paper adopts a theoretical approach. The author observes that the practice of industrial relations as a discipline and that of collective bargaining in particular emanated from the private sector the world over. Thus, much of the practices of public sector collective bargaining are modelled after the private sector collective bargaining. However, in Nigeria, the obverse is the case as collective bargaining gained its root in the public sector owing to the near absence of private sector at the turn of the century. However, in Nigeria, the public sector pays lip-service to the collective bargaining machinery. Governments at all levels (Federal, State and Local) have continued to set aside collective bargaining and to give wage awards to score political points in spite of its commitment to the ILO Convention 98 to freely bargain with workers. The State or the government in the course of regulating wages and employment terms and conditions revert to the use of wage commissions. Thus, wage determination is by fiat. This preference for wage commissions can at best be regarded as a unilateral system as collective bargaining is relegated to the background.Wage tribunals or commissions offer little opportunity for workers’ contribution in the determination of terms and conditions of employment and can hardly be viewed as bilateral or tripartite. Thus, the State preference for wage commissions is anti-collective bargaining. In spite of Nigeria’s commitment to Conventions of the ILO with particular reference to such Conventions as 87 of 1948 and 98 of 1949 which provide for freedom of association and the right of workers to organize and bargain collectively. Thus, the use of wage commissions is antithetical to collective bargaining.
Keywords: Collective Bargaining Dynamics, Public and Private Sectors
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SUPREME FLOOD AND ITS IMPACT ON POVERTY IN RURAL SINDH
►Nadeem Bhatti, Muhammad Bachal Jamali, Ikhtiar Ahmed Ghumro and Faiz.M.Shaikh
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110105A07
ABSTRACT
The main aim of this paper is to examine the Supreme flood and its impact on poverty in rural Sindh. Data were collected from 5000 households from six districts i.e. Kashmore, Kamber Shahdadkot Shikarpur, Dadu, Larkana and Jacobabad Sindh by using the simple random technique; a structural questionnaire was design as an instrument tool for measuring the poverty. It was revealed that the poverty position in Jacobabad and Shikarpur is worsening compare with Larkana and Sukkur. There are other factors like tribal disputes among various tribes and law and order situation most of the businesses people shift their business from Jacobabad and Shikarpur. Access to health and education facilities all districts have slight variation except Jacobabad where the literacy ratio is pretty low. It was revealed that recent supreme flood hit common man and poverty level is increases because it was estimated that loss of livestock and crop loss affected he common man in the flood affected areas.
Keywords: Supreme Flood , Poverty, Sindh
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IMPACT OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT ON CORPORATE PRODUCTIVITY: AN EVALUATIVE STUDY
►Obasan Kehinde , A
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110105A06
ABSTRACT
A wide divergence of opinion exists on the source and effect of conflicts on corporate productivity and the effectiveness of the various strategies available for managing them. It has been argued by some that conflicts are signs of a vibrant organization while others contend it is destructive and capable of retarding stability and profitability of organizations. Using a student t distribution to test the significance of response and purposive sampling technique to administer a self-design questionnaires to 50 respondents cutting across all cadres of staff of First Bank of Nigeria Plc.,(Lagos Branch), revealed that the main sources of conflict in the organization relate to perception and value problems. The specific issues bother on employee compensation and welfare while managers prefer the compromise, problem solving and dominating strategies to minimizing the incidence of organisational conflicts. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that strategies which promote industrial democracy should be chosen by management as the preferred option in dispute resolution. In addition, the ideal level of conflict resolution required to attain optimum performance for every organisation is unique and situational hence managers are duty bound to establish the best maintainable by the organisation.
Keywords: conflict, management, productivity, strategy
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TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN SELECTED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN LAGOS STATE OF NIGERIA
►Yunus Adeleke Dauda and Waidi Adeniyi Akingbade
10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110105A05
ABSTRACT
The state of technology in any organization has a significant influence on the quality and quantity of production of its goods or services. But despite this, technology is prone to constant change which organizations have to monitor, manage and cope with. Manufacturing industry that will like to be competitive and profitable should ensure that employees are trained and involved in the management of technological change for organizational survival. But most organization tends to undermine the contribution of employee in managing technological change, the outcome of which are low profitability and performance. This paper examines how employee relation could be employed for technological change management. It also seeks to determine effective method of using technological innovation for improved performance in the Nigerian manufacturing industry. Two hypotheses were formulated to determine the relationship between technological change and employee skill; and between technological change and employee performance. Question based on the hypotheses were formulated and 1256 questionnaires were distributed to selected 30 manufacturing industry in beverages, textile, steel, cement and chemical industry in Nigeria. Findings reveal that employee relations do not have significant relationship with technological change. The paper recommends that employee relation should be considered in the management technological change for profitability, competitiveness and survival of the Nigerian Manufacturing industry.
Keywords: Technological Change, Employee Performance, Manufacturing Industry.
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prefix: doi.org/10.52283/1.ajbmr |
